Chapter 3 Section 3.5 Guideline #5 Tasks #9 & #10

Binary -Ternary Acids Names and Formulas

• Fifth guideline (Not in the Book)

Compounds which have Hydrogen written first in
the formula and are in aqueous solutions (aq)
are known as Binary and Ternary Acids

HClO4 (aq) – Perchloric Acid

HClO3 (aq) – Chloric Acid

HClO2 (aq) – Chlorous Acid

HClO (aq) – Hypochlorous Acid

HCl (aq) – Hydrochloric Acid

Acids are classified as Strong Acids and Weak Acids (Chapter 10)

Strong Acids Weak Acids

_{Strong acids ionize 100% in a water solution, while
Weak Acids ionize less than 5% in a water solution.}

A brief tutorial for names and formulas of acids follows:

If hydrogen is written first in a chemical formula, there are two ways to name the compound.

1. As a pure molecular compound or
2. As an aqueous acid:

Step #1: If the compound is a pure molecular compound then you name it just as if it were an ionic compound:

HCl          hydrogen chloride H₃PO₄     hydrogen phosphate

HClO        hydrogen hypochlorite H₂SO₄ hydrogen sulfate

HClO₂      hydrogen chlorite H₂SO₃      hydrogen sulfite

HClO₃      hydrogen chlorate HBr hydrogen bromide

HClO₄      hydrogen Perchlorate HF hydrogen fluoride

H₂CO₃     hydrogen carbonate HI hydrogen iodide

HC₂H₃O₂   hydrogen acetate  H₂C₂O₄ hydrogen oxalate

Writing hydrogen first in a chemical formula indicates that when you dissolve the compound in water, a water molecule has the ability to pull the hydrogen off (from strong electronegative elements like oxygen)  the molecule HXO₃ and creating hydronium ions, H₃O¹⁺ and  a negative ion XO₃^1- (cation).

The way you indicate this ionic solution is to write the formula followed by (aq) meaning a water solution:  HXO₃ (aq) .

Step #2 is to drop the first word hydrogen and
add a second word acid:

HCl hydrogen chloride acid (aq)

HClO hydrogen hypochlorite acid (aq)

HClO₂ hydrogen chlorite acid (aq)

HClO₃ hydrogen chlorate acid (aq)

HClO₄ hydrogen perchlorate acid (aq)

H₃PO₄ hydrogen phosphate acid (aq)

H₂CO₃ hydrogen carbonate acid (aq)

H₂SO₄ hydrogen sulfate acid (aq)

H₂SO₃ hydrogen sulfite acid (aq)

HC₂H₃O₂ hydrogen acetate acid (aq)

H₂C₂O₄ hydrogen oxalate acid (aq)

HBr hydrogen bromide acid (aq)

HF hydrogen fluoride acid (aq)

HI hydrogen Iodide acid (aq)

Step #3 is to drop the suffix from the ANION and make the following substitution with another suffix:

Change the -ate to -ic

Change the -ite to -ous

but instead of coming up with a third suffix for -ide ,
they reused the -ic for -ide and added a prefix hydro-
(Do not get this confused with the prefix hypo- which means 'under'.)

HCl hydrochloric acid (aq)

HClO hypochlorous acid (aq)

HClO₂ chlorous acid (aq)

HClO₃ chloric acid (aq)

HClO₄ perchloric acid (aq)

H₃PO₄ phosphoric acid (aq) (Put the -or- syllable back in the name)

H₂CO₃ carbonic acid (aq)

H₂SO₄ sulfuric acid (aq) (Put the -ur- syllable back in the name)

H₂SO₃      sulfurous acid (aq) (Put the -ur- syllable back in the name)

HC₂H₃O₂   acetic acid (aq)  (Notice the three hydrogens written after carbon are
NOT ionizable and not written first in the formula)

H₂C₂O₄ oxalic acid (aq)

HBr hydrobromic acid (aq)

HF hydrofluoric acid (aq)

HI hydroiodic acid (aq)

Chapter 3 Section 3.5 Guideline #5 Tasks #9 & #10

Task #9 Names of Binary-Ternary Acids

http://www.fscj.me/Nomenclature/Acids/Project5AcidNames.html

Task #10 Formulas of Binary-Ternary Acids

http://www.fscj.me/Nomenclature/AcidFormulas/Project5AcidFormula.html