Pathway 4: Chapter
4 Vocabulary Answers
1. Atomic Mass The total mass of an atom. The atomic mass of
each element presented in the periodic table is the average atomic mass of the various isotopes of that element
occurring in nature.
2.
Atomic Nucleus The dense,
positively charged center of every atom.
3.
Atomic Number The number of
protons in the atomic nucleus of each atom of a given element.
4.
Atomic Spectrum The pattern of frequencies of
electromagnetic radiation emitted by the atoms of an element, considered to be
an element’s “fingerprint.”
5.
Conceptual Model A representation of a system that
helps us predict how the system behaves.
6.
Effective Nuclear Charge The nuclear charge experienced by
outer-shell electrons, diminished by the shielding effect of inner-shell
electrons and also by the distance from the nucleus.
7.
Electromagnetic Spectrum The complete range of waves, from
radio waves to gamma rays.
8.
Electron An extremely
small, negatively charged subatomic particle found outside the atomic nucleus.
9.
Electron Configuration The arrangement of an atom’s
electrons within orbitals.
10. Energy-level diagram A schematic drawing used to
arrange atomic orbitals in order of increasing energy levels.
11.
Inner-Shell Shielding The tendency of inner-shell
electrons to partially shield outer-shell electrons from the attractive pull
exerted by the positively charged nucleus.
12.
Ionization Energy The amount of energy needed to
pull an electron away from an atom.
13.
Isotope Any member of a set of atoms of the same
element whose nuclei contain the same number of protons but different numbers
of neutrons.
14.
Mass Number The number of
nucleons (protons plus neutrons) in the atomic nucleus. Used primarily to
identify isotopes.
15.
Neutron An electrically neutral subatomic particle
found in atomic nuclei.
16. Nucleon
Any subatomic particle found in an atomic nucleus. Another name for
either proton or neutron.
17.Physical Model A representation of an object on some convenient
scale.
18.
Proton A positively charged subatomic particle in
atomic nuclei.
19.
Quantum
A small, discrete packet of energy.
20.
Quantum Number An
integer that specifies the quantized energy level within an atom.
21. Shell
A graphic representation of a collection of orbitals of comparable energy in a
multielectron atom. A shell can also be viewed as a region of space about the
atomic nucleus within which electrons may reside.
22. Spectroscope
A device that uses a prism or diffraction grating to separate light into its
color components and measure their frequencies.