Project #6:
Becoming An Electron Configuration Expert!
After reading Sections
4.7 and 4.8 of Chapter 4: Subatomic
Particles, viewing the Chapter 4 Power Point, and viewing John Suchocki’s video:
4.8 The
Noble Gas Shell Model Simplifies the Energy-Level Diagram
(one Video)
a. The Nobel Gas Model Video #CO408Na (7:56 Minutes)
watch video on cell phone: http://bcove.me/82k7nhdv
Let have some
fun and build the Orbital Model of atoms of elements in the first six periods
of the Periodic Chart. Your professor has developed the only interactive
orbital diagram model on
the Internet. The interactive web sites for these exercises are:
e-1
Configuration via Orbital Diagrams
The chemist shorthand (electron configuration) is
known as the Spectroscopic Notation.
Let’s try a simple one, Sulfur-Element #16, to start so as
to see how the site works:
Remember
the guidelines:
1
Access the first web site: Elements
1-18 with the chemist shorthand . It looks like:
2.
Go to the Select an Element
drop-down textbox:
3.
Select the element by using the scroll bars of the drop down textbox. Click on
the text of the element to select.
4.
Graphically place the electrons into each orbitals
by clicking on the square:
|
||||
Click
Here |
Second
Click |
Third
Click |
Fourth
Click |
Fifth
Click |
5.
Sulfur, S, has an atomic number 16.
Therefore sulfur atoms contain
16 electrons. Your job is to add 16 arrows to the orbital diagram:
6. Now check your answer, by clicking the Check Answer button and white window
say: Correct-Try Another
Element
7. Let Try Phosphorus, P, Element #15
8. Click on Phosphorus in the Drop Down Select Element textbox:
9. Add 15
electrons (Phosphorous is
Element #15 so it has 15 electrons outside the nucleus.) to the orbitals.
Now the Spectroscopic
notation is correct: 1s22d22p63s23p3
But the Orbital diagram
is wrong! Why*?
10. So I shift the 3py
down arrow ↓ to the 3pz up arrow ↑ and check the answer: It is Correct!
The
spectroscopic (electron configuration)(Chemist
shorthand) is still the same, 1s22d22p63s23p3, and now the orbital diagram
shows correct.
*Rule
2: half fill all the p orbitals, before pairing (also
half fill d orbitals and f orbitals
before pairing when working with higher atomic number elements) (The Hund Rule of Addition).
(When half filling p, d,or f
orbitals all the arrows must be placed either up or
down. (Here
are the flaws in my programs)
11. Let’s try an element on the
4th period of the periodic table.
Access: Elements
19-36 with the chemist shorthand
Please note the element selection box begins with element #19 and goes through
#36
In the
Spectroscopic notation there is [Ar18]
which represent the electrons in the Kernal of the
atom (the inner filled energy levels): 1s22d22p63s23p6 plus
the nucleus
12. If we try element #24 or #29 in
Period four, it does some shifting of electrons. So to explain the shifting in
the d orbitals, I created the d4/9 rule:
13. I created animations to show the filling
sequence in Oribital diagrams. You may control the
speed and even stop and look art specific elements:
Electron Configuration Animation
Periods
1-2-3 Filling Sequence
Period
4 Filling Sequence
Period
5 Filling Sequence
Period 6 Filling Sequence (not available)
14. I also
created an interactive periodic chart that if you click on an element it will
show you both the Orb ital Diagram and the Electron Configuration (Spectroscopic Notation)
Chapter 4 Section 4.7: Periodic Chart/e-1Configurations
Niobium-Element 41 (An
exception to the 4/9 rule)
You can also
use the above link to check your
Orbital Diagram Filling execises.
15. I also created a complete
animation for elements #1-#112 using the periodic chart and showing the
electron configuration similar to #14 on the previous page:
Animation Electron
Filling #1-#112: Elements
1-112
Project #6 Assignment:
1.Try at least
three elements from #1-#18:
Elements
1-18 with the chemist shorthand
Capture your answer and paste the images into a word document (Use Print
Screen key)
2.Try two elements #19-#36 with one
being either #24 or #29.
Elements
19-36 with the chemist shorthand
Capture your answer and paste the images into a word document (Use
Print Screen key)
3.Try three elements #37-#54 with one
being #42 an d one being #46
Elements
37-54 with the chemist shorthand
Capture your
answer and paste the images into a word document (Use Print Screen key)
4.Try two elements
#55-#84 with one being either #74 or #78
Elements
55-84 with the chemist shorthand
Capture your answer and paste the images into a word document (Use Print
Screen key)
5.Use Periodic Chart/e-1Configurations web page to
capture one element in the lanthanide series and one element the actinide
series (Paste in your report)
6.Write a summary page describing your experience and what you have learned
from this exercise.