Project #6:  Becoming An Electron Configuration Expert!

          http://www.lsua.info/e_config/e-1blocks.gif  http://www.lsua.info/e_config/e-1level.gif

After reading Sections 4.7 and 4.8 of Chapter 4: Subatomic Particles, viewing the Chapter 4 Power Point, and viewing John Suchocki’s video:

4.8 The Noble Gas Shell Model Simplifies  the Energy-Level Diagram
                           (one Video)
       a. The Nobel Gas Model       Video #CO408Na (7:56 Minutes)
            watch video on cell phone:
http://bcove.me/82k7nhdv

Let have some fun and build the Orbital Model of atoms of elements in the first six periods of the Periodic Chart. Your professor has developed the only interactive orbital diagram model on the Internet. The interactive web sites for these exercises are:

       e-1 Configuration via Orbital Diagrams

The chemist shorthand (electron configuration) is known as the Spectroscopic Notation.
Let’s try a simple one, Sulfur-Element #16, to start so as to see how the site works:

Remember the guidelines:

1        Access the first web site: Elements 1-18 with the chemist shorthand . It looks like:

2. Go to the Select an Element drop-down textbox:
      http://www.lsua.info/e_config/e-1select.gif

 

3. Select the element by using the scroll bars of the drop down textbox. Click on the text of the element to select.




4. Graphically place the electrons into each orbitals by clicking on the square:

http://www.lsua.info/e_config/e-1orbit0.gifhttp://www.lsua.info/e_config/e-1orbital.gifhttp://www.lsua.info/e_config/e-1orbit2.gifhttp://www.lsua.info/e_config/e-1orbit3.gifhttp://www.lsua.info/e_config/e-1orbit0.gif

Click Here

Second Click

Third Click

Fourth Click

Fifth Click


5. Sulfur, S, has an atomic number 16. Therefore sulfur atoms contain
  
16 electrons. Your job is to add 16 arrows to the orbital diagram:

6. Now check your answer, by clicking the Check Answer button and white window say: Correct-Try Another Element

http://www.lsua.info/e_config/e-1conf20.gif

7. Let Try Phosphorus, P, Element #15

8. Click on Phosphorus in the Drop Down Select Element textbox:

9. Add 15 electrons (Phosphorous is Element #15 so it has 15 electrons outside the nucleus.) to the orbitals.

Now the Spectroscopic notation is correct: 1s22d22p63s23p3

But the Orbital diagram is wrong!  Why*?

10. So I shift the 3py down arrow ↓ to the 3pz up arrow ↑ and check the answer: It is Correct!

The spectroscopic (electron configuration)(Chemist shorthand) is still the same, 1s22d22p63s23p3, and now the orbital diagram shows correct.

*Rule 2: half fill all the p orbitals, before pairing (also half fill d orbitals and f orbitals before pairing when working with higher atomic number elements) (The Hund Rule of Addition). (When half filling p, d,or f orbitals all the arrows must be placed either up or down. (Here are the flaws in my programs)

11. Let’s try an element on the 4th period of the periodic table.
  Access: Elements 19-36 with the chemist shorthand


Please note the element selection box begins with element #19 and goes through #36

In the Spectroscopic notation there is [Ar18] which represent the electrons in the Kernal of the atom (the inner filled energy levels): 1s22d22p63s23p6  plus the nucleus

12. If we try element #24 or #29 in Period four, it does some shifting of electrons. So to explain the shifting in the d orbitals, I created the d4/9 rule:

13.  I created animations to show the filling sequence in Oribital diagrams. You may control the speed and even stop and look art specific elements:

Electron Configuration Animation
Periods 1-2-3 Filling Sequence
Period 4 Filling Sequence
Period 5 Filling Sequence
Period 6 Filling Sequence (not available)

14. I also created an interactive periodic chart that if you click on an element it will show you both the Orb ital Diagram and the Electron Configuration (Spectroscopic Notation)

Chapter 4 Section 4.7: Periodic Chart/e-1Configurations

 

Niobium-Element 41 (An exception to the 4/9 rule)

You can also use the above link to check your
 Orbital Diagram Filling execises.

15. I also created a complete animation for elements #1-#112 using the periodic chart and showing the electron configuration similar to #14 on the previous page:

Animation Electron Filling #1-#112:  Elements 1-112

Project #6 Assignment:

1.Try at least three elements from #1-#18:
Elements 1-18 with the chemist shorthand 
Capture your answer and paste the images into a word document (Use Print Screen key)

2.Try two elements #19-#36 with one being either #24 or #29.
Elements 19-36 with the chemist shorthand

Capture your answer and paste the images into a word document (Use Print Screen key)

3.Try three elements #37-#54 with one being #42 an d one being #46
Elements 37-54 with the chemist shorthand

Capture your answer and paste the images into a word document (Use Print Screen key)

4.Try two elements #55-#84 with one being either #74 or #78
Elements 55-84 with the chemist shorthand
Capture your answer and paste the images into a word document (Use Print Screen key)
5.Use Periodic Chart/e-1Configurations web page to capture one element in the lanthanide series and one element the actinide series (Paste in your report)
6.Write a summary page describing your experience and what you have learned from this exercise.