Dot Structures of Molecules Data Page Name:_____________
Draw
the Dot Structures for each of the following molecules (Project 8: Chapter 6
Section 6.5). Use alternating colored pencils or pens to show the where the
electrons were originally attached to the single atom. Then you should also
show a covalent bond as a stick instead of a pair of electrons shared. You may
also use your envelop of paper atoms.
(You
will hand this paper in as Project 8 Assignment)
1. Problem #1: NH3 CH4 H2O2 H2O
(all single covalent bonds in #1)
Ammonia NH3
Methane CH4
Hydrogen Peroxide H2O2
Water H2O
also try
the molecular elements (not all single bonds)
O2 H2 N2
2. Problem #2: H2SO4 H3PO4 HClO4 HClO3 HClO2 HClO
(all single covalent bonds in #2)
Hydrogen Sulfate (molecular); Surfuric Acid (aqueous) H2SO4
Hydrogen Phosphate (molecular);
Phosphoric Acid (aqueous) H3PO4
Hydrogen Perchorate (molecular); Perchoric Acid (aqueous) HClO4
Hydrogen Chlorate
(molecular); Chloric Acid (aqueous) HClO3
Hydrogen Chlorite
(molecular); Chlorous Acid (aqueous) HClO2
Hydrogen Hypochlorite (molecular); Hypochlorous Acid (aqueous) HClO
also try (all single bonds)
H2SO3 H3PO3 on back
3. Problem #3: H2CO3 HNO3 HNO2
(contains at least one double covalent bond in #3)
Hydrogen Carbonate (molecular);
Carbonic Acid (aqueous) H2CO3
Hydrogen Nitrate (molecular);
Nitric Acid (aqueous) HNO3
Hydrogen Nitrite (molecular);
Nitrous Acid (aqueous) HNO2
4. Problem #4
CO2 HCN
CO SO3 SO2
(contains at least one double or triple covalent bond in #4)
Carbon Dioxide CO2 Carbon Monoxide CO
Hydrogen Cyanide HCN
Sulfur Trioxide SO3 Sulfur dioxide SO2
5. Problem
#5: HC2H3O2 H2C2O4
HCHO2
(contains at least one double covalent bond in #5)
(bond carbons to carbon by single covalent bonds in the first
two)
Hydrogen Acetate (molecular);
Acetic Acid (aqueous) HC2H3O2
Hydrogen Oxalate (molecular);
Oxalic Acid (aqueous) H2C2O4
(bond hydrogens to oxygen by single
covalent bonds, and bond two oxygens to each carbon)
Hydrogen Formate (molecular);
Formic Acid (aqueous) HCHO2
(bond one hydrogen to oxygen, bond the other hydrogen to the
carbon by single covalent bonds, and bond the two oxygens
to the carbon)
6. Problem
#6: C2H4 C2H2 C3H8 C2H6 (Aliphatic Hydrocarbons)
Ethylene C2H4 Acetylene C2H2
Propane C3H8 Ethane C2H6
7. CH2O CH3COCH3 CH3CH2OH
Formaldehyde CH2O (both hydrogens are on the carbon)
Acetone CH3COCH3
(bond all three carbons by single bonds and bond the oxygen
to the middle carbon)
Ethyl Alcohol CH3CH2OH (a hydrogen is attached to an oxygen (-OH
group) to create an alcohol. The –OH can be attached to any carbon in a chain.
In this example the –OH is attached to the end carbon)
8. CH3OCH3 CHONH2 CH3CH2CH2OH CH3CHOHCH3
Dimethyl Ether CH3OCH3 (oxygen separates the carbons in the chain for
ethers)
Methanamide CHONH2 (oxygen, hydrogen, and amino group all attach
to the carbon in amides)
n-propyl Alcohol CH3CH2CH2OH (the -OH
alcohol group is attached to the last carbon and all three carbons are attached
by single bonds to make a three carbon chain)
Isopropyl alcohol CH3CHOHCH3 (the -OH alcohol group is attached to the second carbon in the three
carbon chain)
9. CH2NH2COOH CH3CHNH2COOH
(Amino acids)
(the -NH2 amino group is always attached to the #2
carbon in an amino acid)
(the –COOH group is an organic acid group, both oxygens bonded to the carbon and the hydrogen to an oxygen)
Glycine CH2NH2COOH
Alanine CH3CHNH2COOH
10. CH3COOCH2CH3 CHOOCH3 (these are organic esters. The hydrogen in an
organic acid (the –COOH group) is replaced by an alkyl group, which is -CH2CH3 (the ethyl group) in the first structure and
– CH3 (the
methyl group) in the second structure.)
Ethyl Acetate CH3COOCH2CH3
Methyl Formate CHOOCH3