Earth Science 11th
Edition Vocabulary Chapter 10
By Reshawn Brown (GLY 1001 Student North Campus Fall 2006)
- accretionary wedge (p. 296) A large wedge
shaped mass of sediment that accumulates in subduction
zones. Here sediments is scraped from the subducting
oceanic plate and accreted to the overriding crustal
block
- active continental margin (p. 296)
Usually narrow and consisting of highly deformed sediments. They occur
where oceanic lithosphere is being subducted
beneath the margin of a continent
- anticline (p.286) A fold in
sedimentary strata resembling an arch
- basin
(p.287) A circular downfolded structure.
- brittle failure (brittle deformation)
(p.286) Deformation that involves the fracturing of rock. Associated
with rocks near the surface.
- deformation (p.284) The process
by which water vapor is changed directly to a solid without passing
through the liquid state
- dip-slip fault( 288) A fault in which
the movement is parallel to the fault.
- dome (p.287) A roughly circular upfolded structure similar to an anticline
- ductile deformation (p.286) A type of
solid state flow that produces a change in the size and shape of a rock
body without fracturing . Occurs at depths where temperatures and
confining pressures are high
- fault (p.288) A break in a rock mass along which
movement has occurred
- fault-block mountains (p.301) A
mountain formed by the displacement of rock along a fault
- fault scarp (p.288) A cliff created
by movement along a fault. I t represents the exposed surface of the fault
prior to modification by weathering and erosion
- fold ( p. 285) - A bent rock layer or series of layers
that were originally horizontal and subsequently deformed
- graben (p.
288) - A valley formed by the
downward displacement of a fault-bounded block
- gravitational collapse ( p. 304)
The gradual subsidence of mountains caused by lateral spreading of weak
material located deep within these structures
- horst (p. 289) An elongate,
uplifted block of crust bounded by faults
- isostacy (p. 303) The
concept that Earths crust is floating in gravitational balance upon the
material of the mantle.
- isotatic adjustment (p. 303) The process
of establishing a new level of gravitational equilibrium
- joint (p. 294) A fracture in
rock along which thee has been no movement
- monocline
(p. 287) - A one limited flexure in
strata. The strata are unusually flatlying or very getly
dipping on both sides of the monocline
- normal fault (p. 288) A fault in
which the rock above the fault plane has moved down relative to the rock
below
- orogenesis
(p.294) The processes that collectively result in the formation of
mountains
- passive continental margin (p. 296) Margins
that consists of continental shelf, continental slope, and continental
rise.
- reverse fault ( p. 291) A fault in
which the material above the fault plane moves up in relation to the
material below.
- strike-slip fault ( p. 291) - A fault along which the movement is
horizontal
- syncline (p.286) A linear downfold in sedimentary strata; the opposite of
anticline
- terrane (p.
298) A crustal
block bounded by faults, whose geologic history is distinct from the
histories of adjoining crustal blocks
- thrust fault (p. 291) A
low-angle reverse fault
- transform fault (p. 291) A major
strike-slip fault that cuts through the lithosphere and accommodates
motion between two plates